Iintengiso zezithuthi zombane zinyuka unyaka nonyaka, njengoko besilindele, nangona zisekude ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zemozulu. Kodwa sisenako ukukholelwa ngokuthembayo kule nkcazo yedatha - ngo-2030, inani le-EVs emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuba lidlule kwi-125 yezigidi. Ingxelo yafumanisa ukuba kwiinkampani ekwenziwe uphando kuzo kwihlabathi jikelele ezingekacingi nokucinga ngokusebenzisa ii-BEVs, i-33% ikhankanya inani leendawo zokutsalwa koluntu njengomqobo omkhulu ekuphumezeni le njongo. Ukutshaja iimoto zombane kuhlala kuyinkxalabo enkulu.
Ukutshaja kwe-EV kuye kwavela kukungasebenzi kakuhle kakhuluINQANABA 1 iitshaja kwiINQANABA LESI-2 iitshajangoku ixhaphakile kwiindawo zokuhlala, nto leyo esinika inkululeko nokuzithemba ngakumbi xa uqhuba. Abantu baqala ukuba nolindelo oluphezulu lokutshaja kwe-EV-phezulu ngoku, amandla amakhulu, kunye nokutshaja okukhawulezayo nokuzinza ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga uphuhliso kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-EV ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye.
Iphi Imida?
Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde into yokuba ukuzaliseka kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza akuxhomekeke kuphela kwitshaja. Uyilo lobunjineli besithuthi ngokwalo kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye umthamo kunye nokuxinana kwamandla ebhetri yamandla kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokutshaja nayo ixhomekeke kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhetri, kubandakanywa iteknoloji yokulinganisa ibhetri, kunye nengxaki yokuqhekeza i-electroplating attenuation yeebhetri ze-lithium ezibangelwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokufuna inkqubela-phambili entsha kuyo yonke inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla ezithuthi zombane, uyilo lwepakethi yebhetri, iiseli zebhetri, kunye nezixhobo zemolekyuli zebhetri.
Okwesibini, inkqubo ye-BMS yesithuthi kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja yeshaja kufuneka isebenzisane ukuze ibeke iliso rhoqo kwaye ilawule ubushushu bebhetri kunye netshaja, i-voltage yokutshaja, yangoku, kunye ne-SOC yemoto. Qinisekisa ukuba umsinga ophezulu unokufakwa kwibhetri yamandla ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokuzinzileyo, nangokufanelekileyo ukuze isixhobo sisebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubushushu obugqithisileyo.
Kuyabonakala ukuba uphuhliso lokutshaja okukhawulezayo alufuni nje kuphela uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja kodwa lukwafuna impumelelo entsha kubuchwephesha bebhetri kunye nenkxaso yothumelo lwegridi yamandla kunye nosasazo lobuchwephesha. Ikwabeka umngeni omkhulu kwitekhnoloji yokuphelisa ubushushu.
Amandla Angakumbi, Ngoku ngakumbi:Inethiwekhi enkulu yokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC
Ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kwe-DC yanamhlanje kusebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu kunye nophezulu lwangoku, kwaye iimarike zaseYurophu nezaseMelika ziyakukhawulezisa ukusasazwa kothungelwano lokutshaja abangama-350kw. Eli lithuba elikhulu kunye nomngeni wokuhlawulisa abavelisi bezixhobo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ifuna izixhobo zokutshaja ukuba zikwazi ukutshabalalisa ubushushu ngelixa uhambisa amandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imfumba yokutshaja ingasebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembeka. Njengoko sonke sisazi, kukho ubudlelwane obucacileyo phakathi kothumelo lwangoku kunye nesizukulwana sobushushu, ngoko ke olu luvavanyo olukhulu koovimba bobugcisa bomenzi kunye nobuchule bokusungula.
Inethiwekhi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kufuneka ibonelele ngeendlela ezininzi zokukhusela ukhuseleko, ezinokulawula ngobukrelekrele iibhetri zeemoto kunye neetshaja ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nezixhobo.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yemeko yokusetyenziswa kweetshaja zikawonke-wonke, iiplagi zokutshaja kufuneka zingangenwa manzi, zingangenwa luthuli, kwaye zimelane nemozulu.
Njengomvelisi wezixhobo zokutshaja kumazwe ngamazwe oneminyaka engaphezu kwe-16 ye-R&D kunye namava emveliso, i-Workersbee ibiphonononga iindlela zophuhliso kunye nokuphumelela kwethekhinoloji yetekhnoloji yokutshaja isithuthi sombane kunye namaqabane ahamba phambili kushishino iminyaka emininzi. Amava ethu emveliso atyebileyo kunye namandla eR&D awomeleleyo asenze sakwazi ukusungula isizukulwana esitsha seCCS2 iiplagi zokutshaja ezipholisa ulwelo kulo nyaka.
Yamkela uyilo oludityanisiweyo lwesakhiwo, kwaye indawo yokupholisa ulwelo inokuba kukupholisa kweoyile okanye ukupholisa amanzi. Impompo ye-elektroniki iqhubela isipholileyo ukuba sihambe kwiplagi yokutshaja kwaye isuse ubushushu obuveliswa yimpembelelo ye-thermal yangoku ukuze iintambo ezincinci zendawo ezinqamlezayo zikwazi ukuthwala imisinga emikhulu kwaye zilawule ngokufanelekileyo ukunyuka kobushushu. Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwemveliso, impendulo yemarike iye yabalasela kwaye iye yanconywa ngamxhelo-mnye ngabavelisi bezixhobo zokutshaja ezaziwayo. Sikwaqhubeka nokuqokelela ingxelo yabathengi, sihlala siphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kwaye sizama ukufaka amandla ngakumbi emarikeni.
Okwangoku, ii-Supercharger zikaTesla zinelizwi elipheleleyo kwinethiwekhi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kwimarike yokutshaja ye-EV. Isizukulwana esitsha seV4 Supercharger okwangoku silinganiselwe kuma-250kW kodwa siza kubonisa isantya esiphezulu sokugqabhuka njengoko amandla esonyuka ukuya kuma-350kW – ekwazi ukongeza iimayile ezili-115 ngemizuzu nje emihlanu.
Ingxelo yengxelo epapashwe ngamasebe ezothutho kumazwe amaninzi ibonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ephuma kwicandelo lezothutho kumalunga ne-1/4 yokukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu belizwe. Oku akubandakanyi iimoto zabakhweli ezilula kuphela kodwa kunye neelori ezinzima. Ukuphelisa ikhabhoni kushishino lwelori kubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kulucelomngeni kuphuculo lwemozulu. Ukutshaja iilori zombane ezinobunzima obukhulu, ishishini licebise inkqubo yokutshaja yenqanaba le-megawatt. I-Kempower ibhengeze ukuphehlelelwa kwezixhobo zokutshaja ze-DC ezikhawulezayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2 MW kwaye ziceba ukuzisebenzisa e-UK kwikota yokuqala ka-2024.
I-US DOE ngaphambili yaphakamisa umgangatho we-XFC wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okugqithisileyo, iwubiza ngokuba ngumngeni ongundoqo ekufuneka woyiswe ukuphumeza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane. Yiseti epheleleyo yetekhnoloji ecwangcisiweyo kubandakanya iibhetri, izithuthi, kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja. Ukutshaja kunokugqityezelwa kwimizuzu eyi-15 okanye ngaphantsi ukuze ikwazi ukukhuphisana nexesha le-refueling ye-ICE.
Tshintsha,Ihlawulisiwe:Isikhululo sokutshintsha amandla
Ukongeza kokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja, izikhululo zokutshintsha umbane “zitshintshe uhambe” nazo ziye zafumana ingqwalasela enkulu kwinkqubo yokuzalisa umbane ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuthatha nje imizuzu embalwa ukugqiba ukutshintsha ibhetri, sebenzisa ibhetri epheleleyo, kwaye uyitshaje ngokukhawuleza kunemoto yamafutha. Oku kuyonwabisa kakhulu, kwaye ngokwendalo kuya kutsala iinkampani ezininzi ukuba zityale imali kuzo.
Inkonzo yoTshintsho lwaMandla eNIO,iqaliswe ngumenzi wemoto i-NIO inokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ibhetri egcwele ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzu emi-3. Lonke utshintsho luya kujonga ngokuzenzekelayo ibhetri kunye nenkqubo yamandla ukugcina isithuthi kunye nebhetri zikwimeko efanelekileyo.
Oku kuvakala kukuhenda, kwaye kubonakala ngathi sele sibona umthungo phakathi kweebhetri eziphantsi kunye neebhetri ezitshajwe ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba baninzi kakhulu abavelisi be-EV kwimarike, kwaye abaninzi abavelisi baneempawu ezahlukeneyo zebhetri kunye nokusebenza. Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokhuphiswano lweemarike kunye nezithintelo zobugcisa, kunzima ukuba sidibanise iibhetri zazo zonke okanye ezininzi iimpawu ze-EVs ukwenzela ukuba ubukhulu bazo, iinkcukacha, ukusebenza, njl njl. Oku kube sesona sinyanzelo sikhulu kuqoqosho lwezikhululo zokutshintsha umbane.
Endleleni: Ukutshaja okungenacingo
Ngokufana nendlela yokuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kukwayindlela yokuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane. Ikakhulu isebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction kunye neresonance magnetic ukuhambisa amandla, ukuguqula amandla kwimagnethi, emva koko ifumane kwaye igcine amandla ngesixhobo esifumana isithuthi. Isantya sayo sokutshaja asiyi kukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa sinokuhlawuliswa ngelixa uqhuba, nto leyo enokuthi ithathwe njengokunciphisa ukuxhalaba koluhlu.
I-Electreon isanda kuvulwa ngokusesikweni iindlela zombane eMichigan, eMelika, kwaye iza kuvavanywa kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Ivumela iimoto zombane eziqhuba okanye ezipakwayo ezindleleni ukuba zihlawule iibhetri zazo ngaphandle kokuba ziplagwe, ekuqaleni ikota yeemayile ubude kwaye ziya kwandiswa ukuya kwi- imayile. Ukuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe kusebenze kakhulu inkqubo yendalo ehambayo, kodwa ifuna ulwakhiwo oluphezulu kakhulu lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu wobunjineli.
Imingeni engakumbi
Xa ii-EV ezingakumbi zikhukula,uthungelwano lokutshaja ngakumbi lusekiwe, kwaye ngoku ngakumbi kufuneka kukhutshwe imveliso, okuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho uxinzelelo olunamandla kwigridi yamandla. Nokuba ingamandla, ukuveliswa kwamandla, okanye ukuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kwamandla, siya kujongana nemingeni emikhulu.
Okokuqala, ngokwembono enkulu yehlabathi, uphuhliso logcino lwamandla lusengowona mkhuba uphambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukukhawuleza ukuphunyezwa kobugcisa kunye nokuhlelwa kweV2X ukwenzela ukuba amandla ajikeleze ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi.
Okwesibini, sebenzisa i-intelligence yokwenziwa kunye neteknoloji enkulu yedatha ukuseka iigridi ezihlakaniphile kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwegridi. Hlalutya kwaye ulawule ngokufanelekileyo imfuno yokutshaja yezithuthi zombane kunye nesikhokelo sokutshaja ngokwamaxesha. Akunakunciphisa kuphela umngcipheko wempembelelo kwigridi, kodwa kunokunciphisa iindleko zombane zabanikazi beemoto.
Okwesithathu, nangona uxinzelelo lomgaqo-nkqubo lusebenza ngokwethiyori, indlela oluphunyezwa ngayo ibaluleke kakhulu. I-White House yayikade ibango lokutyala imali eyi-7.5B yeedola ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zokutshaja, kodwa akukho nkqubela phambili. Isizathu sesokuba kunzima ukungqamanisa iimfuno zenkxaso-mali kumgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwezibonelelo, kwaye iphulo lenzuzo lekontraka likude ukuba lisebenze.
Okokugqibela, ii-automakers ezinkulu zisebenza kwi-high-voltage yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baya kusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-800V ephezulu ye-voltage, kwaye kwelinye icala, baya kuphucula kakhulu iteknoloji yebhetri kunye neteknoloji yokupholisa ukuphumeza ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwemizuzu eyi-10-15. Ishishini lonke liza kujongana nemingeni emikhulu.
Iitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza zilungele iimeko kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, kwaye indlela nganye yokutshaja nayo ineziphene ezicacileyo. Iitshaja zezigaba ezithathu zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ekhaya, ukutshaja kweDC ngokukhawuleza kwiipaseji ezinesantya esiphezulu, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimeko yokuqhuba, kunye nezikhululo zokutshintsha amandla okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iibhetri. Njengoko iteknoloji yemoto yombane iqhubeka nokuphuhliswa, iteknoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza iya kuqhubeka iphucula kwaye iqhubele phambili. Xa iqonga le-800V lithandwa, izixhobo zokutshaja ngaphezu kwe-400kw ziya kuba zininzi, kwaye ixhala lethu malunga noluhlu lwezithuthi zombane luya kupheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngezi zixhobo zithembekileyo. I-Workersbee izimisele ukusebenzisana nawo onke amahlakani eshishini ukwenza ikamva eliluhlaza!
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2023